|
}} Tunisia ( '; (フランス語:Tunisie); ), officially the Tunisian Republic or the Republic of Tunisia ((アラビア語:الجمهورية التونسية) '; (フランス語:République tunisienne); ) is the northernmost country in Africa, covering . Its northernmost point, Ras ben Sakka, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. As of 2013, its population is estimated at just under 10.8 million.〔 Its name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on the country's northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, features the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is the only democracy in the Arab World.〔http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf〕 It has a high human development index.〔 It has an association agreement with the European Union and is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77 and obtained the status of Major non-NATO ally. In addition, Tunisia is also a state party the principal world's institutions such as the United Nations or the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France〔(Tunisie – France-Diplomatie – Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Développement international ). Diplomatie.gouv.fr. Retrieved on 5 September 2015.〕 and with Italy〔 (Pourquoi l'Italie de Matteo Renzi se tourne vers la Tunisie avant l'Europe | JOL Journalism Online Press ). Jolpress.com (28 February 2014). Retrieved on 2015-09-05.〕〔Ghanmi, Monia (12 September 2014) ("La Tunisie renforce ses relations avec l'Italie" ). ''Magharebia''〕 have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A rival to Greece that almost destroyed Rome in the Second Punic War, Carthage was eventually defeated by the Romans in the Battle of Carthage of 149 BC. Romans brought Christianity and architecture to Tunisia, including the El Djem amphitheater. Tunisia was conquered by Arabs in the first century of Islam, followed by the Ottomans between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French conquest of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-30165471 )〕 ==Etymology== The word ''Tunisia'' is derived from Tunis; a central urban hub and the capital of modern-day Tunisia. The present form of the name, with its Latinate suffix ', evolved from French ''フランス語:Tunisie''. The French derivative ''フランス語:Tunisie'' was adopted in some European languages with slight modifications, introducing a distinctive name to designate the country. Other languages remained untouched, such as the Russian (') and Spanish '. In this case, the same name is used for both country and city, as with the Arabic , and only by context can one tell the difference.〔 The name ''Tunis'' can be attributed to different origins. It is generally associated with the Berber root ⵜⵏⵙ, transcribed , which means "to lie down" or "encampment". It is sometimes also associated with the Punic goddess ''Tanith (aka Tunit)'',〔 ancient city of ''Tynes''.〔 and others associated with the word "" (different from ) in Arabic which is a verb that means to socialize and to be friendly.〕 Before Tunisia, the territory's name was Ifriqiya or Africa, which gave the present day name of the continent Africa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tunisia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|